Woman: “Get on” and “Get off".
These are phrasal verbs, which means that a preposition has been added, so the meaning changes. (N.B. there are often many other meanings,)
“Get on” means to enter a bus, tram, train etc.
“Get off” means to depart a bus, tram, train etc.
For example:
Man: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to Oxford Street please?
Woman: Yes, you need to get on the tube, and get off at Oxford Circus. There is a map in all the underground stations.
Man: Thank you very much.

Woman: “Get in” and “Get out of”.
These are also phrasal verbs.
“Get in” means to enter a car or a building.
“Get out of” means to depart a car or building.
Now listen to this example:
Woman: Get out of my car!
Man: Why? What have I done?
Woman: Your singing is driving me crazy, please get out, you’re nearly at your office, and you can walk from here.
Man: Okay, no problem. Have a nice day, and try and relax a little.

Woman: Now let’s listen to these words in a dialogue between an English tourist and an Italian policeman.
Woman: Hello, Do you speak English?
Man: A little bit, how can I help you?
Woman: Well, I’m lost. I want to go to Piazza Cairoli. Am I in the right direction?
Man: Well, you are in the wrong direction for the Piazza, good job, you stopped to ask a policeman. Are you travelling by car or on foot?
Woman: I’m on foot at the moment; I got out of my car, and parked it over there, as there was too much traffic.
Man: OK, well it’s probably best that you leave your car there, and get in it, when you’ve finished your tour of Messina.
Woman: So how do I get to Piazza Cairoli then, I want to go shopping.
Man: Well it’s too far on foot, you need to get on the tram, there’s a stop over there, and after about 3 stops, you get off the tram at Piazza Cairoli, right in the centre.
Woman: Thank you very much. Do I need a ticket for the tram?
Man: Yes, you can buy one at the tobacconist just over there, and it’s valid for 3 hours.
Woman: Thank you for your help. Have a nice day!
Man: No problem, if you get lost again, just ask a policeman or woman, and they’ll be happy to help you too. Enjoy Messina!
Woman: Thanks, I will!

Woman: It is snowy, it is snowing, and it will snow.
Man: Snow is actually a verb. Its adjective form is snowy. However, as “snow” is a verb, you can use it in all tenses, without the verb “to be”
Listen to this example:
Woman: I can’t believe it’s snowing, here in Sicily.
Man: Well it often snows on the mountains
Woman: Come on, let’s go and make a snowman.

Woman: It is foggy. It will be foggy. It is cloudy. It will be cloudy.
Man: Foggy, cloudy, sunny, windy, etc. are all adjectives, so they require the verb “to be,” when discussing the weather.
Listen to this short conversation:
Woman: Is it ever sunny in Edinburgh?
Man: Well unfortunately the forecast says it will be cloudy and windy again tomorrow, but, at least it won’t rain or snow.

Woman: It is hot, and it will be cold.
Man: If people discuss the temperature, they use adjectives, which also require the verb “to be”. They range from hot, warm, cool, and cold.
Listen to this:
Woman: It’s only May and I can’t believe how hot it is here.
Man: I’ll put the air-conditioning on, so it will be cooler for you.

Woman: The weather.
Man: This is a noun, which means the climate at a certain place and time, and how much wind, rain etc. there is, and how hot or cold it is.
Listen to this short conversation:
Man: I can’t believe the weather today, it’s awful; my umbrella has blown inside out.
Woman: I think it’s all to do with global warming
Man: That, and the amount of pollution we pump into the ozone layer.
Woman: Maybe, but shall we go and get a coffee, in a nice warm bar,
Man: Good idea. Maybe this storm will blow over.

Woman: Affect
Man: This is a verb, which means to influence somebody or something. (N.B. do not confuse it with the noun “Effect.”)
For example
Woman: Mmm, this coffee and chocolate cake is good.
Man: I’m sure it is, I’ve heard how chocolate affects women.
Woman: Mood
Man: A mood is the way you are feeling at a particular time. Are you in a good mood? (happy), or a bad mood? (sad or angry.)
For example:
Woman: The weather looks as though it’s clearing up now & I’m certainly in a better mood.
Man: Is that the chocolate or the rain stopping, that has affected your change of mood?
Woman: Both I think…..

Woman: S.A.D
Man: S.A.D. is a contraction of Seasonal Affective Disorder. Which has been finally proven as an illness which affects some people with depression during the winter, due to the lack of sunlight.
For example:
Woman: Are you OK? It’s November, nearly time to start preparing for Christmas. Why do you look so sad?
Man: I’m ok, but I’ve just spent 4 weeks working in Finland, where it was dark and very cold. I think I’ve got S.A.D.

Woman: Now let’s listen to some information about S.A.D. adapted from www.essortment.com.

Can the weather affect our mood? This controversial question has been discussed by scientists and sociologists for a long time. When it is extremely hot, people may feel irritated or moody for no apparent reason; on a cold, rainy day you may feel melancholy or even depressed. There are studies that link high temperatures to increase in crime. It is believed that people get irritable when it is very hot. The fact that the weather may have an influence on our mood is documented by a disorder called ‘Seasonal (stagionale) Affective Disorder’, (S.A.D.) which affects some people during winter the lack of sunlight may also alter certain hormonal levels in the body. The symptoms of SAD are sadness, fatigue, loss of appetite, apathy, irritability.

Woman: Every cloud has a silver lining
Man: This is a proverb, used when something bad has happened, (or is happening to you,) it means that something good or positive will come out of the situation.
Now listen to this example:
Woman: What a bad day at work, all the computers had a virus, and we had no internet connection. What a day!
Man: Well every cloud has a silver lining, it’s over now, so relax. At least people practiced how to work with a pen and paper again.
Woman: You are always so positive.

Woman: She’s a ray of sunshine.
Man: This is used to describe a person who has a positive attitude to life, and makes other people happy.
Listen to this short conversation:
Woman: I love teaching children.
Man: Me too, I have some lovely rays of sunshine on my course. They always cheer me up.
Woman: I know, they are much more positive than grown ups.

Woman: Get wind of something.
Man: This means that you get to know about a secret piece of information
Listen to this:
Woman: Heh, are you free, I’ve got wind of something important.
Man: Tell me.
Woman: Well I heard through the grape vine, that they are going to give us a pay rise next month.
Man: Really? Well that is good news.

Woman: What’s the weather like?
Man: The phrase “What’s it like?” means give me a description. (N.B. like is a preposition in this phrase, not the verb “like”. So you can say What’s Sicily like? And the answer could be, “It’s big, beautiful and full of historical sights. If somebody asks you “What’s the weather like? They want a description of the weather.
Now listen to an example of this phrase:
Woman: Hi, how’s Finland? What’s the weather like?
Man: Finland is beautiful, but it’s freezing cold here.

Woman: What was the weather like in London?
Man: This is the simple past form of the same expression.
For example:
Woman: What was the weather like in London last week?
Man: It was cold, cloudy and of course it rained.

Woman: What will the weather be like tomorrow?
Man: This the future simple form of the same expression.
Listen to this short conversation:
Woman: I’m got a day off work tomorrow. Do you know what the weather will be like?
Man: Well the forecast says sunny and mild, but take an umbrella, just in case.
Woman: Good idea.

Woman: What a ....!
Man: What a + adjective, is an exclamation. E.g. What a lovely day!
For example:
Woman: What a beautiful city.
Man: Do you think so? I prefer capital cities myself.

Woman: If you ever meet a British person, it’s a good idea to ask about the weather, as it’s a very important topic on the British Isles.
Now you will listen to a conversation between two people discussing the weather.

Woman: Hi, how are you? I can’t believe we finally got a phone connection. What’s the weather like in Florida?
Man: It’s hot and sunny, but there’s air conditioning everywhere.
Woman: Are you enjoying yourself? What’s Orlando like?
Man: It’s fantastic. What a beautiful place!
Woman: Have you seen Mickey Mouse yet?
Man: Of course, I went to the Magic Kingdom, it’s fantastic.
Woman: Wow, I’m jealous.
Man: What’s the weather like back home?
Woman: Take a guess, it’s cold rainy and miserable.
Man: Nothing new then, I must go for now.
Woman: OK, take care of yourself, and I’ll see you next week when it’ll be sunny here also. Bye!